Opossums, commonly seen in North and South America, are known for their adaptability and scavenging habits. While many wild animals are potential carriers of rabies, opossums have a unique reputation when it comes to this deadly disease. In this article, we’ll explore whether opossums can get rabies, the reasons behind their lower risk, and how to stay safe around these creatures.
Table of Contents
What Is Rabies?
Rabies is a viral disease that affects the nervous system of mammals, including humans. It is typically transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal, usually via a bite. The virus can cause severe neurological symptoms, and once symptoms appear, rabies is almost always fatal. Common carriers of rabies include raccoons, bats, skunks, and foxes.
Can Opossums Get Rabies?
While opossums are mammals and theoretically can contract rabies, the chances of them getting the disease are extremely low. Opossums have a natural resistance to rabies, which makes them much less likely to carry the virus compared to other wild animals. Their low body temperature is believed to play a significant role in this resistance, as rabies thrives in warm-blooded animals with higher body temperatures.
Why Are Opossums Less Likely to Get Rabies?
There are a few key reasons why opossums rarely contract rabies:
1. Lower Body Temperature
Opossums have a lower body temperature compared to many other mammals. Their body temperature ranges between 94-97°F (34-36°C), which is not ideal for the rabies virus to thrive. This lower temperature makes it difficult for the virus to survive and spread within the opossum’s body, reducing the likelihood of infection.
2. Natural Resistance
Opossums have an innate resistance to rabies, which is still not entirely understood. Scientists believe that their immune system is particularly strong against certain pathogens, including the rabies virus. This resistance helps protect them from many diseases that affect other wild animals.
3. Defensive Behavior
Opossums are known for their famous defense mechanism—playing dead. When threatened, they enter a catatonic state, appearing lifeless to predators. This behavior reduces the likelihood of aggressive encounters with rabid animals, minimizing the risk of being bitten and infected.
Opossums and Other Diseases
Although opossums rarely contract rabies, they can still carry other diseases that pose a risk to humans and pets. Some of these include:
1. Leptospirosis
Opossums can carry leptospirosis, a bacterial disease that spreads through contact with contaminated water, soil, or food. This disease can cause flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, lead to kidney damage or liver failure in humans.
2. Salmonella
Opossums, like many wild animals, can carry salmonella, a bacteria that causes food poisoning in humans. The bacteria can spread through contact with opossum feces or contaminated food and surfaces.
3. Fleas, Ticks, and Mites
Opossums often carry fleas, ticks, and mites, which can transmit diseases like Lyme disease and typhus to humans and pets. It’s important to keep your distance from opossums and ensure pets are protected with flea and tick preventatives.
Signs of a Rabid Animal
While the chances of an opossum having rabies are extremely low, it’s still important to recognize the signs of rabies in any wild animal. Some of the common symptoms of rabies include:
- Unusual aggression or agitation
- Disorientation or difficulty walking
- Excessive drooling or foaming at the mouth
- Paralysis or inability to move
If you come across an animal displaying these symptoms, it’s crucial to avoid contact and report it to local wildlife or animal control authorities.
What to Do If You’re Bitten by an Opossum
Even though opossums rarely carry rabies, a bite from any wild animal should be taken seriously. If you are bitten by an opossum or any other wild animal, follow these steps:
- Clean the Wound: Immediately wash the bite area with soap and water to reduce the risk of infection.
- Seek Medical Attention: Visit a healthcare professional to evaluate the wound and determine if any treatment is needed, including a tetanus shot or antibiotics.
- Report the Incident: Contact your local animal control or health department to report the bite and determine if any further action is required.
Keeping Yourself and Your Pets Safe
While opossums are generally not a threat to humans or pets, it’s important to take precautions when living near wildlife. Here are a few tips to ensure your safety:
- Avoid Feeding Opossums: Don’t leave food outside that may attract opossums or other wild animals. This includes pet food, bird feeders, and garbage.
- Keep Your Distance: Opossums are generally shy and non-aggressive, but it’s still best to keep your distance and avoid direct contact.
- Secure Pet Areas: If you have outdoor pets, ensure their food and water are in secure areas to avoid attracting opossums and other wildlife.
Conclusion
So, can opossums get rabies? The answer is yes, but it’s incredibly rare. Opossums’ lower body temperature and natural resistance make them far less likely to contract and spread rabies compared to other wild animals. While the risk of rabies from opossums is minimal, they can still carry other diseases and pests, making it essential to take precautions when interacting with wildlife. By staying informed and cautious, you can safely coexist with these fascinating creatures.
